1.
Evaluation Of Empirical Therapy In Escherichia Coli Induced Acute And Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection
by Ijaz Alvi | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aftab | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The acute and uncomplicated urinary tract infection is one of the common diseases of
human genitourinary tract, most com~only caused by E.coli, and study in patients
suffering from acute and uncomplicated urinary tract infection was conducted in one
hundred in tertiary care Mayo hospital Lahore. The urine samples from patients were
collected after the diagnosis and were analyzed for its causative/pathogenic organism.
Out of 100 urine samples the Escherichia coli was found as the most common cause of
uUTI (acute and uncomplicated urinary tract infection) (61 %),Jollowed by Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 %), Staphylococcus aureus (7%),Proteus
mirabilis (6%), The urinary tract infections were found most frequent in female (59.9%)
than male (40.1 %).
Only Escherichia coli isolated strains of bacteria were subjected to antibiogram against
nine commonly used antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Pipemedic acid,
,
Co-arnoxiclave, Co-trimoxazole, Amikacin, Ceftriaxone, Imipenurn, and Meropenum)
for evaluation of bacterial resistance and antibiotic sensitivity, the comparative analysis
showed that among the nine (09) antibiotics used the E. coli strains prevalent in Punjab
especially to the patients at Mayo hospital were maximally resistant to norfloxacin 63.93%
(flouroquinolone), followed by ciprofloxacin 57.37 %, Co-trimoxazole 40.98, Co-
amoxiclave 39.34 %, Pipemedic acid 36.06 %, Ceftriaxone 32.78 %, Amikacin 27.88 %,
meropenum 8.20 % and imipenum found only 4.92 % resistant to E. coli strains.
It was concluded that irnipenurn was found to be most sensitive with 86.88 % followed
by meropenum 77.05%, Amikacin 63.96 %, Ceftriaxone 57.38, co-amoxiclave 57.37 %,
co-trimoxazole 42.63 %, pipemedic acid 31.16 %, ciprofloxacin 24.59 % and norfloxacin
was found to be the least s e n si t i v e drug to E.coli prevalent in Punjab.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1397,T] (1).
2.
Determination of in Vitro Antimicrobial Effecacy of Plant Extracts and Antibiotics Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) Isolated from Postoperative Wounds of Hospitalized Patients.
by Muhmmad Qamar Zeshan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aftab | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Background
Nosocomial infection is a worldwide problem causing high number of deaths. The major causative agent of infection is methicillin resistant Staphylococs aureus (MRSA). Surgical site infections in orthopedic surgery (SSIS) are mainly (48%) caused by Staph. aureus, out of which 68% are MRSA and causes a number of deaths annually.
Hypothesis
As medicinal plants like (Opuntia delinii, Acacia nilotica and Alo vera) have the anti bacterial activity, So these plants may be effective against methicillin resistant Staphylococs aureus (MRSA) And antibiotic like (Moxifloxacillin, Cefipime and Imipenem/Cilastatin and Ampicillin+Cloxacillin) selected in this study have antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria so may these have effectiveness against methicillin resistant Staphylococs aureus (MRSA).
Material and method
In this study MRSA isolated from the post operative wounds of one hundred hospitalized patients from three hospitals (Mayo Hospital, Services Institute of Medical Sciences and Jinnah Hospital) of Lahore. The isolates obtained from the wound identified as MRSA by cultural and biochemical characteristics. Methicillin resistant Staphylococs aureus strains are resistant to many antibiotics even vancomycin. In the present study the efficacy of three medicinal plants (Opuntia delinii, Acacia nilotica and Alo vera) studied against MRSA using extracts of the plants. The extracts also further used to determine MICs against methicillin resistant Staphylococs aureus isolated strains. MICs of four antibiotics and their combinations commonly used for treatment of post operative wounds like Moxifloxacin, Cefipime, Imipenem/Cilastatin and Ampicillin+Cloxacillin determined using Linezolid and Vancomycin as standards by micro dilution method in vitro.
Statistical Design
The data collected analyzed using SPSS version13.0X soft ware.
Outcome
The prevalence of MRSA found in different hospitals as under 72.5% in case of Mayo, 63.33% in case of Services Hospital and 66.66% in case of Jinnah hospital Lahore. The highest percentage found in Mayo hospital and lowest was observed in case of services hospital.
MIC results found in this study indicate that Acacia nilotica and Alo vera contain antibacterial agents which showed the good results against MRSA while Opuntia dileinii showed not promising results against MRSA and high MICs found put a question mark on its efficacy. Average MICs found in case of acacia leaves and bark are as 84 (µg)/ml and 62.5 (µg)/ml respectively. Average MIC observed in case of Aloe vera is 32.25 (µg)/ml. The highest MIC value calculated in case of Opuntia dillenii is 1228 (µg)/ml.
Antibiotics like Moxifloxacin and Imipenem/Cilastatin showed the good results and the average MICs value found 2.681 And 2.85 respectively closely resembles to the MICs of stander drugs e.i vancomycin and linezolid caluculated as 1.61 and 2.43. Cefipime showed the less activity against MRSA with the average MIC 57.81.The synergistic effects of Ampicillin+Cloxacillin was not so good as compared to the stander drugs and combination of ampicillin and cloxacillin exhibit the average MIC as 11.87.
The lowest MIC in of plants extracts observed in case of Aloe vera and highest found in case of Opuntia dillenii.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1532,T] (1).
